تقدير إسرائيلي يكشف ما تسعى له المقاومة على حدود غزة
قال خبير عسكري إسرائيلي؛ إن “إقامة الجيش للحاجز التحت أرضي حول قطاع غزة يعتبر تطبيقا لأحد دروس “الجرف الصامد”، ورغم أن حرب غزة الأخيرة أثبتت أن هذا الحاجز أثبت نفسه، لكن القصف والتسلل في الأيام التي أعقبت الحرب أوضح أنه قدم حلّا جزئيا لما بات يسمى “مشكلة غزة، رغم أنه يتم التفكير بنقل هذه التجربة إلى الحدود الشمالية”.
وأضاف رون بن يشاي وثيق الصلة بجنرالات الجيش في مقاله بصحيفة يديعوت أحرونوت، أن “الجدار أقيم أساسا لمنع التسلل إلى داخل الحدود الإسرائيلية فوق الأرض وتحتها، وللتحذير من النية أو الاستعدادات لتنفيذ هذا التسلل، وبشكل رئيسي من خلال الأنفاق الهجومية، والسبب الرئيسي لبنائه أنه في 2014، خلال حرب غزة آنذاك، خرج مسلحون من الأنفاق باتجاه الجبهة الداخلية الإسرائيلية”.
وأوضح أنه “كان هناك ثلاثون نفقا من هذا القبيل، ولم يكن الجيش يعرف بالضبط كيف يتعامل معها، رغم علمه بوجودها، وتم إحباط بعض عمليات التسلل عبرها، ولكن كان هناك حالتان تمكن فيهما مسلحون من غزة من قتل جنود من الجيش الإسرائيلي عبر الحدود، وكانت هذه الصدمة في الواقع، العامل الرئيسي الذي دفع الحكومة بعد ذلك بعامين لاتخاذ قرار بشأن مشروع طموح كلف أكثر من ثلاثة مليارات شيكل”.
وأشار إلى أن “هذا الحاجز ليس فقط وسيلة عسكرية تكتيكية لمنع الاختراقات الحدودية، لكنه يعكس أيضا استراتيجية أو مفهوما للأمن القومي الإسرائيلي، يسعى للتعايش مع غزة بأقل قدر من الضرر، رغم أن هذه الاستراتيجية نشأت في عهد بنيامين نتنياهو كرئيس للوزراء الذي أراد الحفاظ على الانقسام الفلسطيني من أجل منع قيام دولة فلسطينية، وهدف الحاجز لتكريس هذا الواقع، ومعالجة بعض المخاطر التي ينتجها”.
وأكد أن “المؤسسة العسكرية الإسرائيلية انضمت بأكملها، بما في ذلك الجيش وجهاز الأمن العام-الشاباك، إلى تفكير المستوى السياسي، يرجع ذلك أساسا للشعور بعدم الأمان الذي حفرته الأنفاق المخترقة، وهذا الشعور بانعدام الأمن، والخوف من مداهمات عشرات المسلحين في غزة على ناحال عوز وكيسوفيم وحتى سديروت ، كلها هجمات متوقعة تماما”.
وأشار إلى أن “التركيبة والتكوين الجيولوجي لتربة قطاع غزة تساعد بالحفر السريع للأنفاق بواسطة الإنسان بأدوات بسيطة، وحتى بدائية، دون الحاجة للعديد من الانفجارات والإجراءات الأمنية، وقد بدأت لتهريب البضائع والصواريخ من سيناء لقطاع غزة، وجاء حفر الأنفاق المتوغلة في الأراضي الإسرائيلية استمرارا طبيعيا، وقد علم الجيش بالأنفاق، لكنه لم يعاملها في البداية على أنها خطر حقيقي، لذلك لم يطور وسائل لكشفها وإغلاقها حتى عام 2014 حين اندلعت حرب الجرف الصامد”.
وأضاف أن “تلك الحرب شكلت نقطة التحول حين شرع مجلس الوزراء بإقامة جدار “الساعة الرملية” على الحدود مع مصر في سيناء، الذي أوقف تدفق عشرات آلاف المتسللين المهاجرين الذين دخلوا إسرائيل، دون قدرة الجيش والشرطة على وقفهم. صحيح أن هذا السياج لا يحتوي على مكونات تحت الأرض مثل جدار غزة التحت أرضي، لكنه قدم دليلا واضحا على أنه يمكنه فعلا وقف 90٪ من الاقتحامات العسكرية”.
وأكد أن “الجدار التحت أرضي على حدود غزة قد يوفر لإسرائيل وجيشها عدة مزايا، أولها توفير الشعور بالأمن لسكان المستوطنات المحيطة، سواء روتينيا أو في أثناء القتال في غزة، وثانيها إتاحة إنذارهم من المتفجرات والصواريخ المضادة للدبابات، والقنص، وإحباطها، وثالثها منع حماس من تحقيق الإنجازات العسكرية بالتسلل داخل الحدود، تحت الأرض وفوقها، ورابعها توفير الحد الأقصى من الموارد باستخدام التقنيات المتقدمة”.
وأشار إلى أن “الجدار لا يوفر فقط أجهزة استشعار متطورة موجودة تحت الأرض، تحذر من حفر الأنفاق، ولكن عبر ما يسمى بنظام “الحدود الذكية”، ولذلك فإن هذا الجدار يهدف فقط لإبطاء حركة من يحاول عبوره باتجاه الحدود، وإفشالها ومنعها، حتى قبل أن يتمكن المسلحون من الوصول للجدار نفسه، كما يتكون الجدار من الخرسانة الخاصة، ويتم تثبيت أجهزة الاستشعار على عمق عشرات الأمتار تحت الأرض، وفوقه سياج فولاذي”.
وأكد أن “المخاوف العسكرية الإسرائيلية تتمثل بأن الفلسطينيين قد يحاولون اختراق الجدار؛ انطلاقا من فرضية أن خط الدفاع سيتم اختراقه دائما، والعدو سيجد في النهاية حيلة لكسر خط الدفاع عبر طرق التفافية، مع أن التجربة المكتسبة أثبتت حتى الآن أن الجدار نجح في كشف نفقين كانا على وشك التوغل داخل الحدود، وخلال حرب غزة الأخيرة، منع اقتحاما سريعا، ومفاجأة أعدتها حماس، التي حاولت الاقتراب منه عبر الأنفاق”.
وأضاف أن “كفاءة الجدار الأمني من خلال تنشيط المركبات الآلية ونظام المراقبة التكنولوجي باستخدام الكاميرات وأجهزة الاستشعار الأخرى، الكفيلة بزيادة القدرات الاستخباراتية للجيش، لا تعني أننا أمام جدار محكم؛ لأننا تلقينا دليلا مؤلما على ذلك بعد أيام قليلة من حرب غزة، عندما عثر الجيش على فلسطيني تسلل عبر حدود غزة، وهو يحمل سكينا، وتجول داخل المستوطنة بحرية، وهو دليل على أنه يمكن للفلسطينيين اختراقه”.
وأكد أن “الجدار فشل في منع إطلاق الصواريخ المضادة للدبابات على الأراضي الإسرائيلية، مما أدى في إحدى الحالات إلى مقتل أحد الجنود داخل مستوطنة نتيف هعسارا، وتسبب الجدار بدفع حماس للتركيز على الإجراءات الالتفافية حوله مثل الصواريخ الثقيلة، الطائرات بدون طيار، وتخريبه، وحتى اجتيازه في أماكن معينة، مما يعني أن الفلسطينيين في غزة سيفاجئوننا، عاجلا أم آجلا”.
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