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شكسبير تحت المجهر قصة حياته ونشأته ج1 من سلسلة أعرف كاتب

شكسبير تحت المجهر

سوف أتحدث معكم في سلسلة مفيدة جدا لنتعرف على أهم الكتاب ، الذين أثروا في الأدب بأعمالهم المميزة ، لنتعرف على كاتب ونعرف بعض الأشياء الهامه في حياته وكيف عاش وما مر به ،اين ولد وكيف عاش وكيف مات ، اليوم أخترت لكم الكاتب الأنجليزي الشهير وليام شكسبير، سوف أبدأ به السلسله ، وسوف أقدم لكم اليوم في موقع قصص واقعية مقال بعنوان شكسبير تحت المجهر ج1 عن قصة حياة ونشأة الكاتب وليم شكسبير .ولد الكاتب الانجليزي وليام شكسبير ، علم 1564 في بلدة صغيرة تسمى ستراتفورد – أون – إيفون بانجلترا ، كانت تلك المدينة في ذلك الوقت تتمثل في ثمانية او تسع شوارع ، يسكن فيها 1500 نسمة تقريبا ، واهم ما يميز المدينة السوق الكبير ، تلك السوق التي يبيع فيها الفلاحين من القرى المجاورة محاصيلهم ، وحيواناتهم وبضائعهم ، الاخرى ، لقد ولد وليام شكسبير ، يقولون انه يوم السادس والعشرون من ابريل عام 1564 فهو يوم تعميده بالكنسية ، كانت اسرة شكسبير اسرة غنية تنتمي إلى طبقة وسطى ، في انجلترا ، وكان أبوه واحد من قيادرات المدينة وعضو في المجلس الذي يحكم المدينة ، وكان عمله الأساسي هو صناعة القفازات وتجارة الصوف والأخشاب .عندما بلغ وليام الرابعة من عمره تقريبا ، ارسله والده في الأغلب إلى المدرسة التمهيدية ، مدرسة الصغار ، ليتعلم القراءة والكتابة ، وكانت مدارس خاصة مشتركة للأولاد والبنات ، وفي سن السادسة كانت البنات يتركن المدرسة ليتعلمن في المنزل على أيدي الأمهات أو المدرسات الخصوصيات ، أما الصبيان فكانوا يتجهون للعمل والمساعدة في كسب العيش ، أو يلتحقون بالمدارس المحلية لتعلم قواعد اللغة إذا كان في استطاعة الأهل ذلك ، كما في حالة وليام شكسبير الذي كان ينتمي للطبقة المتوسطة ، واستطاع أبواه ” جزن ” أن يلحقه بواحدة من تلك المدارس للطبقة المتوسطة ، وكان الهدف من تلك المدارس هو تعلم ودراسة اللغة الاتينية ، فهي شرط لدخول الجامعة في ذلك الوقت ، وضرورية لمن يرغب في العمل بالسياسة أو القانون أو الطب أو التدريس أو حتى الكنيسة .نشأ وليام شكسبير في قلب الريف الأنجليزي ، تعرف على الحقول حول ستراتفورد ، وعلى الاراضي الخضراء حيث تنمو الازهار البرية ، وعلى غابة ” آردن ” في الشمال ، وعندما بدأ شكسبير يكتب مسرحيات في لندن ، كان يعود بذاكرته إلى الطفولة الريفية التي عاشها ، فأمتلئت مسرحياته بأوصاف دقيقة للأزهار والأشجار والطيور البرية والحيوانات ، والسحب وتغير الفصول ففي مسرحية ” ماكبث” يصف شكسبير دخول الليل فيقول ، يكثف النور والغراب يولى طائر نحو غابة الغربان ، وفي مسرحية روميو وجوليت يقول ، كابيوليت بعد سماعة بموت ابنته جوليت ، الموت يغشى وجهها كأن البرد قبل الشتاء غطى أجمل الزهور .

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