بدأت القصة عندما خطفت سفينة برتغالية بعض الأهلي من”غانا” و عرضوهم للبيع في دولة “البرتغال” و من هنا بدءات اللعنة، بدءات السفن تتسابق الي جنوب افريقيا لخطف سكانها و بيعهم و ظهرت الإعلانات و الدعايات و الشركات و أصبح هناك من لهم علامة تجارية تروج لشراء العبيد، كانت قوة ينيان السود و قدرتهم الكبيرة علي تحمل العمل الشاق السبب في تعاستهم، فكان الاوربيون يملاؤن مكان ضيق بأعداد مهولة من البشر لاخذهم الي بلادهم، كان الموت هو مصيرهم المحتوم أما ان يعملوا بلا رحمة حتي تنهك أبدانهم و تصبح غير قادرة علي حملهم .
فيتخلصون منهم او يقتلوهم او يموتوا من قسوة العمل او تغرق احدي السفن التي تنقلهم في صناديق خشبية، كان العديد منهم يختارون إلقاء نفسهم في المحيط لكي لا يذلوا كما ذل من قبلهم و كان أيضا من يفعل ذلك هروبا من العذاب الذي ينتظره، اغرقت اوربا من اسفل قدمها الي اعلي راءسها في تجارة العبيد، كان المهاجرين الجدد الي امريكا منشغلين بي ابادءة جنس كامل من العرق البشري” الهنود الحمر ” و لما انهوا عملهم علي اكمل وجه احتاجوا لعمال يكون ثمنهم رخيص ليبنوا و يعملوا في وطنهم الجديد،حتي حصلوا علي صفقة رابحة حين عرض قبطان باخرة هولندية رست علي الشاطىء في ميناء بليموث، عرض عشرين شخص من السلالة الزنجي كاعبيد مقابل كميات من المؤن و الخمور، تمت الصفقة و كانت تعتبر اول صفقة في أمريكا للعبيد، و سرعان ما انتشرت تجارة العبيد في الولايات المتحدة ،بعد ذلك الحدث بعدة اعوام، منع العبيد من ممارسة شعائرهم الدينية او اعتناق اي دين غير المسيحية و دخلوه بالإكراه كما منع عليهم دخول الكنائس او تشيد كناءسهم الخاصة .
و قد اقيمت اول كنيسة زنجية بعد مائتي سنة من وصولهم، و لم تكن حرب تحرير العبيد هدفها تحرير العبيد بل كانت تهدف الي استقلال الولايات المتحدة و قيامها، و رغم انتصارهم و منح الحرية للزنوج إلا أنهم لم يستمتعوا بحريتهم إلا في القرن العشرين، احدثت الحرب العالمية الاولي و الثانية تغيرات كبيرة في حياة الزنوج، ففي الحرب العالمية الاولي نقل مءات الآلاف الزنوج الي الشمال، و السبب انه عندما قامت الحرب رجع اعداد كبيرة من المهاجرين الي أوطانهم الاصلية لتءدية الخدمة العسكرية فلم يوجد من يعمل في المزارع و المصانع، فأخذ أصحاب الأعمال و الشركات كميات كبيرة من السود الي الشمال للعمل في الحقول و مزارع القطن و مناجم الفحم، فذهبوا الي المدن الكبري مثل شيكاغو و نيويورك و ديترويت، يعتبر حي هارلم اعظم احياء الزنوج في أميركا و يقع في مدينة نيويورك في قسم مانهاتن، أدرك المواطنين البيض .
قصة نجاح وكفاح بعد عذاب واغتصاب وألم قصة ” اوبرا وينفري “
إن الحرب انتجت نوعا مختلفا من السود نوعا لا يخاف الوقوف أمام سيده نوعا أصبح يدافع عن حقوقه و يحصلون علي وسام شرف من أجل شجاعتهم في القتال رغم أن هذه الأوسمة لا تضيف لهم شيء ، فلم يعجب هذا المتعصبين البيض فكونوا جمعية سرية عام ١٩١٥ تدعي” كوكلوكس كلان” و كانت لاضتهاد الزنوج، كان توقيت نشأتها هو نفس توقيت الذي كان فيه الزنوج يقاتلون في ميدان الحرب، ارتكبوا أفظع الجرائم لذي البشرة السوداء، طاردوهم بالعربات و هم يصوبون الطلقات النارية عليهم، شنقوهم، حرقهوم و عذبهم بلا رحمة و كانت الحكومات تساندهم في تلك الجراءم، أما في الحرب العالمية الثانية: صار هناك قبطانة من السود في الملاحة البحرية و متطوعات زنجيات للخدمة في الجيش النسائي، و في خلال سنوات الحرب الاخيرة اصبح اكثر من مليون زنجي يعمل في الوظءف المدنية، و في منتصف القرن العشرين أصبح المقيمون في المدن أكثر من القري و كلما مرت السنين حصل الزنوج علي المزيد من حقوقهم،الان اصبح هناك مستاشرين و قضاه من الزنوج و عين زنجي لرءسة اميريكا “اوباما” بالطبع لا يزال المتعصبين للعرق الاسود موجدين لكن الآن أصبح هناك قانون يحميهم .
من كتاب أمريكا يا ويكا للكاتب محمود السعدني .
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