لهذه الأسباب قد يتأخر لقاح فيروس كورونا للأطفال
رغم الأخبار الإيجابية التي أعلنت عنها مؤخرا شركات الأدوية بشأن فعالية اللقاحات التي تعمل على تطويرها لمواجهة فيروس كورونا المستجد، فإن خبراء يرون أن الوصول إلى اللقاح الفعّال لكوفيد-19 قد يستغرق بعض الوقت، وخصوصا بالنسبة للأطفال.
ونقل موقع “كليفلاند كلينيك” المتخصص بالمواضيع الطبية عن أخصائي الأمراض المعدية عند الأطفال فرانك إسبر قوله: “يحتاج العالم للسيطرة على وباء كورونا للقاح فعّال يمكن استخدامه مع البالغين والأطفال بأسرع وقت، إلا أن معظم مصنّعي اللقاحات يركزون في الوقت الراهن على البالغين”.
وأرجع إسبر استراتيجية شركات الأدوية الخاصة بالتركيز على توفير اللقاح للبالغين إلى أن البيانات تظهر تفشي أعراض المرض الشديدة لدى البالغين على نحو أكبر بكثير مقارنة بالأطفال>ولفت إلى أن ذلك لا ينفي عدم إصابة الفئات العمرية الصغيرة بـكوفيد-19، ولكنهم يبدون مقاومة أقوى للمرض، رغم تسجيل حالات قليلة جدا من للالتهابات خطيرة مرتبطة بـفيروس كورونا لديهم.
وأضاف إسبر أن هناك أيضا عقبات كثيرة تحول دون مشاركة الأطفال في التجارب السريرية، كالقوانين الصارمة التي تفرض الكثير من البروتوكولات الصارمة لضمان حمايتهم، والعديد من الموافقات التي ينبغي الحصول عليها قبل مشاركتهم في مثل هذه الاختبارات، ومن ثم الالتزام باحتياطات صارمة عند الانتقال لمرحلة تصنيع لقاح الأطفال.
نظام مناعي مختلف
ويختلف نظام المناعة لدى الأطفال بشكل كبير عن ذلك الخاص بالبالغين وحتى فيما بينهم حسب الفئة العمرية، وهو ما يجعل العلماء بحاجة إلى بيانات وأبحاث إضافية عند تقييم لقاح للأطفال.
وضرب إسبر مثالا لإيضاح هذه النقطة حيث قال إن لقاح الإنفلونزا الموسمية يعطى للأطفال الذين تبلغ أعمارهم 6 أشهر أو أكثر مرة سنويا، إلا أن بعض الأطفال الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 6 أشهر و8 سنوات قد يحتاجوا إلى جرعتين بسبب اختلاف استجابات الجهاز المناعي.
وبيّن إسبر أنه “لا يمكننا القول أن جميع أجهزة المناعة لدى الأطفال هي نفسها في أي عمر، وبالتالي فإن أي لقاح يقوّي هذه الأجهزة عليه التعامل مع هذه الحقيقة”.
وكانت شركة “فايزر”، قد قالت الأربعاء، إن لقاحها الذي تطوّره بالشراكة مع “بيونتيك” الألمانية، قد أثبت فعاليته بنسبة 95 في المئة للوقاية من فيروس كورونا المستجد، وبأنه استوفى معايير السلامة اللازمة للحصول على موافقة السلطات الطبية للاستخدام “الطارئ”.
وحسبما ذكرت شبكة “سكاي نيوز” البريطانية فإن تحليل الفعالية النهائية للقاح بلغ 95 في المئة خلال 28 يوما من الجرعة الأولى، وهي نسبة أعلى من تلك التي تمّ الإعلان عنها الأسبوع الفائت والخاصة بالمرحلة الثالثة من التجارب السريرية الخاصة باللقاح.
وسجل اللقاح فعالية بنسبة 94 في المئة في الفئة العمرية التي تزيد أعمارها على 65 عاما، ولم يتم الإبلاغ عن مخاوف جدية تتعلق بالسلامة، إذ أشارت نسبة 2 في المئة من أصل 43 ألف شخص شاركوا في التجارب عن شعورهم بصداع، بينما قالت نسبة 3.7 في المئة إنهم عانوا من إجهاد.
ويعمل اللقاح على تخليق أحماض نووية تحفّز الخلايا في جسم الإنسان على إنتاج بروتينات مشابهة للفيروس، ومن شأن تلك البروتينات إثارة الاستجابة المناعية لجسم الإنسان ضد فيروس كورونا.
ولدى “فايزر” اتفاق لبيع 100 مليون جرعة من لقاحها لحكومة الولايات المتحدة، وتتيح لها خيار شراء 500 مليون جرعة إضافية، كما تجري الشركة محادثات مع حكومات أخرى، بما في ذلك الاتحاد الأوروبي، حول صفقات مماثلة.
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